{
  "meta": {
    "description": "Numbers for the Axis D chart embeds. All values stated in the BIRN first draft ('article') unless noted. No invented series remain — see data/README.md provenance rules.",
    "note": "Where the draft gives only a qualitative figure ('thousands', 'more than half'), the charts render the constraint itself instead of an interpolated series."
  },
  "serbia_funnel_2025": {
    "period": "2025-01 to 2025-09",
    "source": "Official figures reported by Serbian authorities, cited in the draft",
    "provenance": "article",
    "steps": [
      {
        "label": "Expulsion orders issued",
        "value": 4281
      },
      {
        "label": "Detention orders",
        "value": 292
      },
      {
        "label": "Asylum applications registered",
        "value": 99
      },
      {
        "label": "Refugee status or subsidiary protection granted",
        "value": 7
      }
    ],
    "annotations": [
      {
        "label": "Forcibly removed via Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport",
        "value": 110
      },
      {
        "label": "Transferred under readmission agreements",
        "value": 154
      },
      {
        "label": "Forced removals in Q3 alone (destinations undisclosed)",
        "value": 63
      }
    ]
  },
  "official_vs_informal": {
    "context": "Hungary→Serbia border, per Milica Svabic (KlikAktiv): official readmission is an email-based procedure barely used, while pushbacks continue at scale.",
    "period": "last three months of the reference year (draft: 'last year')",
    "official_readmissions": {
      "value": 2,
      "label": "2 Turkish citizens formally readmitted",
      "provenance": "article"
    },
    "informal_pushbacks": {
      "display": "thousands",
      "label": "Thousands pushed back informally",
      "provenance": "article",
      "note": "'Thousands' is the draft's only figure — the dot-stream rate in the chart is illustrative and is labelled as such, never as a count."
    }
  },
  "eurostat_third_country_orders": {
    "definition": "Orders to leave toward a third country that is NOT the person's country of origin",
    "provenance": "article",
    "totals": [
      {
        "country": "AUT",
        "label": "Austria",
        "value": 1086,
        "period": "2016–2025",
        "split_note": "more than half of the orders issued 2022–2025",
        "provenance": "article",
        "unit": "orders",
        "measure": "orders to leave toward a third country"
      },
      {
        "country": "HRV",
        "label": "Croatia",
        "value": 1157,
        "period": "2016–2025",
        "split_note": "more than half of the orders issued 2022–2025",
        "provenance": "article",
        "unit": "orders",
        "measure": "orders to leave toward a third country"
      },
      {
        "country": "FRA",
        "label": "France",
        "value": 3135,
        "period": "2016–2020",
        "split_note": "no Eurostat data for the past five years",
        "provenance": "article",
        "unit": "people",
        "measure": "expulsions to third countries (draft wording: 'expelled')"
      }
    ],
    "france_ministry_assisted_removals": {
      "value": 8536,
      "period": "2019-2023",
      "note": "Destinations unspecified",
      "provenance": "article"
    },
    "maghreb_refusals_note": {
      "text": "One in four refusals of admission were of Maghreb citizens",
      "provenance": "article"
    },
    "no_response": {
      "countries": [
        "DEU",
        "NLD",
        "ESP"
      ],
      "note": "Highest deportation rates per EU data; no response to BIRN",
      "provenance": "article"
    },
    "nationalities_affected": [
      "Türkiye",
      "Egypt",
      "Morocco",
      "Sudan",
      "Colombia",
      "Venezuela",
      "China",
      "Afghanistan",
      "Bangladesh",
      "Pakistan",
      "Sri Lanka",
      "Iraq",
      "Jordan",
      "Lebanon",
      "Palestine",
      "Syria"
    ]
  },
  "lukavica_detention": {
    "total_2018_2024": {
      "value": 4631,
      "source": "Collective Aid FOI request",
      "provenance": "article"
    },
    "at_a_time_range": {
      "min": 450,
      "max": 950,
      "note": "including children",
      "provenance": "article"
    },
    "detained_2022": {
      "value": 714,
      "note": "including 16 children",
      "provenance": "birn-data"
    },
    "access_to_justice": {
      "detained_per_year_approx": 1000,
      "legal_aid_per_year_approx": 30,
      "source": "Emir Prcanovic, Vasa Prava",
      "provenance": "article"
    }
  },
  "funding": {
    "provenance": "article",
    "items": [
      {
        "label": "Pre-accession/IPA migration funding since 2015",
        "value_eur": 200000000,
        "qualifier": "more than"
      },
      {
        "label": "IPA III migration & border management, 2021-2027",
        "value_eur": 350000000,
        "qualifier": "more than"
      },
      {
        "label": "2024 targeted package (SRB, BIH, MNE, MKD)",
        "value_eur": 60000000,
        "qualifier": "disbursed"
      },
      {
        "label": "Kosovo IPA since 2007 (governance incl. migration-adjacent)",
        "value_eur": 1500000000,
        "qualifier": "more than"
      }
    ]
  },
  "capacity": {
    "provenance": "article",
    "serbia_places": 6846,
    "serbia_centres_operated": 14,
    "bosnia_places_approx": 5000,
    "bosnia_centres_range": [
      5,
      7
    ],
    "combined_places_approx": 11800,
    "region_centres_range": [
      25,
      40
    ],
    "eu_upgraded_since_2015_range": [
      10,
      15
    ],
    "birn_dataset_note": "BIRN's facilities sheet lists 36 named centres. Serbia's per-facility capacities sum below the draft's 6,846 (Sombor undisclosed); Bosnia's operational centres sum slightly above ~5,000 when Blažuj is read as 2,000 — see docs/data-gaps-research.md."
  },
  "institutions_contacted": {
    "provenance": "article",
    "note": "As recorded in the first draft; the editors' notes ask for the full institutions/FOIA log, which is still pending from BIRN.",
    "entries": [
      {
        "institution": "Frontex",
        "responded": true,
        "channel": "email"
      },
      {
        "institution": "French Ministry of the Interior",
        "responded": true,
        "channel": "referred BIRN to published data; 2025 figures due end of June"
      },
      {
        "institution": "Austrian authorities (destination clarification)",
        "responded": false,
        "channel": "questions sent",
        "verdict": "awaiting reply"
      },
      {
        "institution": "Croatian Ministry of Internal Affairs",
        "responded": false,
        "channel": "questions sent"
      },
      {
        "institution": "German Ministry of Interior",
        "responded": false,
        "channel": null
      },
      {
        "institution": "Dutch Ministry of Interior",
        "responded": false,
        "channel": null
      },
      {
        "institution": "Spanish Ministry of Interior",
        "responded": false,
        "channel": null
      },
      {
        "institution": "Serbian authorities — access to immigration & detention centres",
        "responded": false,
        "verdict": "access refused",
        "channel": "access request"
      },
      {
        "institution": "BiH authorities — access to Lukavica / Lipa centres",
        "responded": false,
        "verdict": "no confirmation",
        "channel": "access request"
      },
      {
        "institution": "Serbia & Bosnia — data on third-country nationals deported there",
        "responded": false,
        "channel": "information request"
      }
    ]
  }
}